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Featured Article: Shift work and inter-individual differences in sleep and sleepiness
neuroscienceCME Journal Club
Premiere Date: Monday, March 10, 2008 | Thomas Roth, PhD Chief, Division Head Sleep Disorders and Research Center Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, MI |
 | Hans P. A. Van Dongen, PhD (Faculty) Associate Research Professor Assistant Director Sleep and Performance Research Center Washington State University, Spokane Spokane, WA |
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March 2008: Van Dongen HP. Shift work and inter-individual differences in sleep and sleepiness. Chronobiol Int 2006;23(6):1139-1147.
View Abstract
Synopsis:
It has long been recognized that people differ in the extent to which they tolerate shift work. In fact, some individuals are so much affected by shift work that they develop a clinical condition known as shift work sleep disorder. In the previous century, individual differences in tolerance for shift work were studied primarily in terms of external factors affecting alertness on the job or the ability to rest and sleep while at home. However, evidence has mounted that endogenous neurobiological factors play a role, including the major processes involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. These are a sleep homeostatic process seeking to balance wakefulness and sleep, and a circadian process seeking to promote wakefulness during the day and sleep during the night. Shift work is associated with a temporal misalignment of these two processes. During night or early morning work, this misalignment makes it difficult to stay awake during the shift and to obtain adequate sleep during the rest of the day.
Individual variability in various aspects of sleep/wake regulation is substantial, though. For instance, recent studies have uncovered considerable individual differences in vulnerability to cognitive impairment from sleep loss. Moreover, these differences were found to constitute an enduring individual trait. Interestingly, self-evaluations of sleepiness do not correspond well with the trait individual variability in actual performance impairment during sleep deprivation. Perhaps because of this discrepancy, in operational settings, the individual differences in vulnerability to sleep loss do not appear to be eliminated due to self-selection mechanisms. As such, individual variability in sleep/wake regulation may contribute substantially to the individual differences in tolerance for shift work.
There are significant personal and economic consequences to human error and accidents caused by performance deficits due to sleep loss. It is important, therefore, to study the individual differences in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness in the work environment, so that cognitive impairment during shift work may be better anticipated and prevented - and to develop new fatigue risk management approaches that account for trait individual variability in tolerance for shift work.
CME Outfitters, LLC, gratefully acknowledges an independent educational grant from Cephalon, Inc., in support of this complimentary 30-minute activity.
CE credit will not be offered for this activity.
Hans P.A. Van Dongen, PhD
Hans P.A. Van Dongen, PhD is an associate research professor in the Sleep and Performance Research Center at Washington State University. After earning a Ph.D. in chronobiology and sleep from Leiden University in the Netherlands in 1998, he received his postdoctoral training in sleep deprivation and neurobehavioral performance at the University of Pennsylvania under the mentorship of Dr. David F. Dinges. In 1999, Dr. Van Dongen joined the research faculty at the University of Pennsylvania; in 2004, he was promoted to the level of associate professor. He moved to Washington State University, Spokane, in 2005 to set up a new state-of-the-art laboratory for basic human research in sleep and sleep deprivation.
Dr. Van Dongen is internationally recognized for his studies of inter-individual variability in the waking neurobehavioral and sleep physiological responses to sleep deprivation, which he demonstrated to constitute human traits. He is also widely known for his contributions to the mathematical modeling of cognitive deficits due to sleep loss and circadian factors—in particular his work on performance prediction at the level of individuals. With Dr. Dinges, Dr. Van Dongen published a seminal paper on the cumulative adverse effects of chronic sleep restriction on waking cognitive performance. Other topics addressed in the more than 80 papers and chapters published by Dr. Van Dongen include the first experimental demonstration of the physiological basis for morningness-eveningness; an investigation of the nonlinear interaction between homeostatic and circadian processes of sleep-wake regulation; an assessment of the mitigating effect of caffeine on sleep inertia; and novel methodologies for harmonic analysis of unequally spaced data and for biostatistical analysis of inter-individual variability.
As principal investigator, Dr. Van Dongen received funding for his research from the NIH, NASA, Cephalon, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Army Research Office, and the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. Honors awarded to Dr. Van Dongen include the Sleep Research Society’s Outstanding Young Investigator Award and a visiting professorship at NASA Ames Research Center in 2003. In 2005, he was selected as the keynote speaker for the 17th International Symposium on Shiftwork and Working Time. He is a frequently invited lecturer in his field, both nationally and internationally. He has also organized more than a dozen scientific symposia and workshops. In addition, Dr. Van Dongen is an associate editor for the journal SLEEP.
Thomas Roth, PhD
Dr. Roth is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Michigan College of Medicine, Ann Arbor, and Director of the Sleep Disorders and Research Center at Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. He received his PhD from the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. He is currently Chairman of the World Health Organization (WHO) worldwide project on sleep and health and has served on several WHO national and international committees. Formerly, Dr. Roth served as Chair of the National Institutes of Health's National Center of Sleep Disorders Research. He is a past president of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, the National Sleep Foundation, and the Sleep Research Society. He has also chaired committees of the Association of Professional Sleep Societies, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, and the World Federation of Sleep Research Society. Dr. Roth's research has included sleep loss, sleep fragmentation, sleep pathologies, and the effects of pharmacologic agents on sleep-wake function.
Disclosure Declaration
It is the policy of CME Outfitters, LLC, to ensure independence, balance, objectivity, and scientific rigor and integrity in all its CE activities. Faculty must disclose to the participants any significant relationships with commercial companies whose products or devices may be mentioned in faculty presentations, or with the commercial supporter of this CE activity. CME Outfitters, LLC, has evaluated, identified, and attempted to resolve any potential conflicts of interest through a rigorous content validation procedure, use of evidence-based data/research, and a multidisciplinary peer review process. The following information is for participant information only. It is not assumed that these relationships will have a negative impact on the presentations.
Dr. Van Dongen has no disclosures to report.
Dr. Roth has disclosed that he receives grants from Cephalon, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., Pfizer Inc., sanofi-aventis, Schering-Plough Corporation, Sepracor Inc., Somaxon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Syrex, Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc., TransOral Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, and Xenoport, Inc. He serves as a consultant to Abbott Laboratories, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Acoglix, Actelion, Alkermes, Inc., ALZA Corporation, Ancil, Arena Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cephalon, Inc., Cypress Bioscience, Inc., DOV Pharmaceutical Inc., Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Evotec Inc., Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Hypnion Inc., H. Lundbeck A/S, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Johnson & Johnson, King Pharmaceuticals, Inc., McNeil, MediciNova, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., Neurogen Corporation, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Orexo AB, Organon Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Orginer, Prestwick Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Proctor & Gamble, Pfizer Inc., Purdue Pharma LP, Resteva, Sanofi-aventis, Schering-Plough Corporation, Sepracor Inc., Servier, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Somaxon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Syrex, Takeda North America Pharmaceuticals, Inc., TransOral Pharmaceuticals, Inc., VANDA Pharmaceuticals, VivoMetrics, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, XenoPort, Inc., and Yamanouchi Pharma America, Inc. He is on the speakers bureaus of sanofi-aventis and Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.
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